Warfare in Polygamy Essay -- Marriage Spouse

Fighting in Polygamy Presentation Marriage is a general attribute of human family relationship and social association. It presumably grew right off the bat throughout human social history. In human culture, a few societies have utilized union with do some boundless capacities. A few people are hitched on account of affection or sentiment. However, others are hitched for monetary security, financial commitment, legacy, or political explanation. In any case, notwithstanding these general highlights, various societies have created distinctive example of guidelines and customs that decide preclusions and inclinations for marriage accomplices. These guidelines and customs are likewise assisted with forming desires among life partners and parents in law Monogamy is the significant type of marriage and is firmly connected with most social orders of Europe and Asia, while polygyny is found in customary social orders, for example, Africa. As indicated by The History of Human Marriage, monogamy, consistently the dominating type of marriage, has been increasingly predominant at the least phases of progress than at to some degree higher stages; while, at a still higher stage, polygyny has once more, by and large, respected monogamy (Westermarck, 505). However, some polygyny can be found in further developed social orders, for example, Eurasia. Different districts that are related with polygyny incorporate Circum-Mediterranean, Insular Pacific, North America, and South America. In any case, the level of event is totally different in every general public. Since polygyny in various society fills an alternate need, the causation for investment in aggregate battling in polygyny of various society will be unique. For example, in Africa, plural marriage is unquestionably increasingly broad. Agreeing the Factors of Polygamy in African... ...ly bolster that the causation for ladies to take an interest in aggregate battling will separate across social orders and nations. Reference DorJahn, V. The Factors of Polygamy in African Demography. Continuity and Change in African Cultures.In Herskovits, M., and Bascom, W. (eds.), Chicago: 1959, p. 125-158. Goody, Jack. Polygyny, Economy and the Role of Women. The Character Of Kinship.Cambridge University Press, London: 1973, p.175-189. Spencer, Paul. Polygyny as a Measure of Social Differentiation in Africa. ASA Essay in Social Anthropology.Institute For the Study of Human Issues Publisher, Philadelphia: v.3, 1980, p.117-160. Westermarck, E. the History of Human Marriage.London, 1893. White, Douglas R. Reconsidering Polygyny Current Anthropology.The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, The U.S., V 29, No 4, 1988, p. 529-571.

Who Mostly To Blame for the Death of Eva Smith Essay Example

Who Mostly To Blame for the Death of Eva Smith? Exposition Mr Arthur Birling, a narrow minded and obstinate man, who is worried, as it were, for his height, and prosperity. Has a major influence in the passing of Eva Smith. As he is the person who starts the awful defeat of the little youngster. Mr Birlings choice to release Eva from his industry, just prompts a chain of occasions. I imagine that in the event that Mr Birling had never of sacked Eva Smith, at that point, the entirety of different occurrences which followed, could never of occurred. The explanation behind the sacking of Eva Smith is on the grounds that she requested marginally higher wages. Mr Birling, being an egotistical man, concluded this was annoying, thus released her. Leaving Eva Smith meandering the roads, and searching for a new position. This data is cunningly found with the assistance of INSPECTOR GOOLE. He utilizes a photo, which is just appeared to Mr Birling, to help him to remember the young lady whom he had sacked. This left no decision for Mr Birling, yet to give the story, as the clear addressing of the Inspector was to inciting. Subsequent to hearing this Sheila Birling (little girl of Arthur Birling), felt sorry for Eva Smith, and began to have a go at her dad. We will compose a custom exposition test on Who Mostly To Blame for the Death of Eva Smith? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Who Mostly To Blame for the Death of Eva Smith? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Who Mostly To Blame for the Death of Eva Smith? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Examiner Goole then cuts in and rapidly tells the family, what at that point happened to Eva, after she was released from Mr Birlings organization. Sheilas part to fault in the destruction of Eva Smith, is additionally because of self-centeredness. Eva Smith had quite recently gotten another line of work at a retail establishment, in which Sheila normally visits. Sheila coerces the head supervisor into sacking Eva from her activity (once more). The explanation behind Sheila to do this is on the grounds that Eva Smith glanced better in a cap. As Sheila was giving the cap a shot, she got a brief look at Eva smiling. This lead to Sheila grumbling, and undermining the supervisor, that she was not going to shop at the store once more. Which left the senior supervisor no decision, yet to sack youthful Eva. This despondent result for Eva Smith is down to unadulterated envy. I don't feel that Sheilas part to play was as awful as her dads, I will clarify why in my decision. Observe that the assessor didn't show Sheila a photo of any kind, he utilized smart statements to incite her into admitting. The overseer at that point discloses to us that Eva Smith subsequent to leaving Milwards changed her name to Daisy Renton. Quickly Gerald demonstrated an adjustment in nearness when that name was referenced. The monitor pressurizes Gerald by promptly asking him,When did you initially become more acquainted with her? Gerald then attempts to act guiltless yet realizes that it wont work, so he at that point reveals to us his experience with the new Daisy Renton. Gerald was unimaginably overall quite beguiling to Daisy, however after a brief timeframe he makes her extremely upset by leaving her. This occurrence is somewhat to fault since he disregards Daisy hopeless and once more. Which makes her start to think about whether her life merits living. The investigator at that point proceeds with his exploring, getting Mrs Birling, who works for a board of trustees, where they help individuals with issues. Eva Smith (Daisy Renton) requested assistance, however her concern was turned down, by Mrs Birling, due to Eva changing her name to Mrs Birling. The story behind the changing of Evas name was totally due to Erics contribution. Eric (Mr Birlings child), was to be faulted for Eva Smiths passing in a major manner. He inadvertently impregnated her, which was to impact her definitely, in light of the fact that Eric simply like Gerald defeatists off, leaving her cash, taken from Mr Birlings organization. Erics inclusion was before Eva approached Mrs Birling and her association for help. Be that as it may, the turning down was the last bit of excess that will be tolerated for Eva Smith, Daisy Renton and the recently named Mrs Birling. So she murdered herself, which was clearly because of the Birling familys association. End: Whos for the most part to fault? is the issue I have researched on. Furthermore, my ultimate choice is that Mr Birling, Mrs Birling, Sheila, Gerald and Eric, were all to fault for the grievous passing of Eva Smith. Be that as it may, in the event that it wasnt for Mr birling releasing Eva from his organization, at that point none of different occurrences would have followed. So I feel that Mr Birling was simply somewhat more to fault than any of the others, however that doesn't imply that different offenders ought to get off lighter.

How to Write the University of California (UC) Application 2019-2020 TKG

How to Write the University of California (UC) Application 2019-2020 The University of California application is the California-specific application for the nine UC schools: UC Davis, UC Berkeley, UC Merced, UC Santa Cruz, UC Santa Barbara, UCLA, UC Riverside, UC Irvine, and UC San Diego. The UC Application is similar to the Common Application, but it is an entirely different system, requires some different information, and has its own deadline: November 30th.  While the application is for each of the nine schools, you do need to submit it individually to the UC schools you are interested in. The schools vary in specialty and selectivity, so you’ll need to think carefully about where is right for you. For example, UC Riverside has an acceptance rate of over 50%, but the UC Berkeley acceptance rate is closer to 15%. Despite this difference, all of the UC schools share a list of strict academic requirements for all applicants. A few highlights are a course distribution that includes two years of language and three years of math, the ACT or SAT with w riting, and a minimum GPA of 3.0 for California residents or 3.4 for non-residents. For many, the strict rules are worth meeting. UC schools are renowned for the quality of education they provide, and 58% of California undergrads pay no tuition. Much of the UC application is similar to the Common App. They need to know your birthday, the courses you’re taking, etc. However, instead of a central Common App essay and then school-specific prompts, the UC application has a set of “Personal Insight” questions. The Personal Insight questions consist of eight prompts, of which you need to select four to respond to in up to 350 words.  You must pick the best questions for you â€" not just the easiest or the most obvious â€" so we have broken them down below to help you out. Describe an example of your leadership experience in which you have positively influenced others, helped resolve disputes or contributed to group efforts over time.    We see a lot of students skip over this prom pt because they see the word “leadership” and don’t realize that it applies to them. The UC schools aren’t just looking for lacrosse captains writing about winning games or debate team leaders expounding on their persuasiveness. Yes, those are leadership roles that can influence others, but they aren’t the only leadership roles, and they certainly aren’t the ones we are the most interested in. So, before you write this prompt off, consider the ways you have been a leader outside of structured activities or hierarchical systems.  Have you had a job where you have to work with others? Have you been part of a group project without a designated leader, but where you were in charge of a crucial piece of the whole? What is your role in your family? If you expand your view of what ‘leadership’ entails, you will almost certainly discover that you are a leader and that you do have something to write about here if the question ends up resonating with you. If you do decide to go forward with it, we tend to err towards writing about resolution and contribution over the more ambiguous ‘positive influence.’ This is because it is easy to sound self-important or self-obsessed when you write about how much you’ve changed other people’s lives. Focus on interpersonal engagement and teamwork, how you’ve operated as a piece of a system â€" not a control-freak trying to direct the system â€" and keep your perspective focused. Smaller and more ‘zoomed in’ responses will show who you are without running the risk of sounding inflated. Every person has a creative side, and it can be expressed in many ways: problem solving, original and innovative thinking, and artistically, to name a few. Describe how you express your creative side.      We love this option for any applicant because it is begging you to answer it in a creative form. It seems silly, after all, to write a normal-looking answer to a question about how you express yourself creatively. Think a bout how your favorite books or short stories are written â€" maybe you can bring some of that style into your own work. Whether it’s dialogue, vivid imagery, or a perspective that is different from the typical first-person, this prompt offers you a chance to try out a writing muscle that won’t show up anywhere else on your application. Before you nod along and move on to the next prompt because you “aren’t creative,” you are. We’ve found that the best answers to this prompt come from students who wouldn’t identify themselves as artists if asked on the street. So try your hand at it and show your creative side by writing creatively about a way that you keep your mind and body moving in new directions.  What would you say is your greatest talent or skill? How have you developed and demonstrated that talent over time?  This is another fun prompt, but this time it is because it opens up an opportunity to incorporate humor into your application. Writing comedy is hard and best used in a venue other than a college application, but anyone can find ways to incorporate humor into their application. We tend to prefer dry wit over dad jokes, so lighten this supplement up by illuminating a small talent, even something that may seem innocuous, but that does have significant benefits. The smaller and more specific the talent or skill, the better it will land. Critically, you don’t need to have won awards or been recognized for your talent or skill. If you have been, great, but even then, you should be zooming in. If you are an Olympic archer, you should focus on one piece of archery: breathing, steadiness, or patience, not on the activity as a whole. This will help you keep the supplement humble. It needs to be able the talent, not a list of awards. For many people, or even most, the talent will and should be award-less. Writing about how your sisters come to you when they need a necklace detangled because you won’t get frustrated when it takes a few tri es is a perfect way of writing about patience â€" and it could be even more compelling and human than the archery bit.    Describe how you have taken advantage of a significant educational opportunity or worked to overcome an educational barrier you have faced.This is a great prompt because it lets you, the applicant, pull your education outside of the walls of your classrooms. An answer to this prompt doesn’t have to take place in school â€" and probably shouldn’t. It could be an internship, a job, or something that surprised you in your life, but you figured out how to run with it. If you don’t pick the following prompt that guides you to write about a challenge, you could also use this prompt to address an issue or discrepancy with the academic side of your application that is related to how you learn, accessibility, or a significant life event.  Describe the most significant challenge you have faced and the steps you have taken to overcome this challenge. How has this ch allenge affected your academic achievement?You should probably not pick this prompt if you are set on doing the previous prompt about an educational opportunity. They are both good prompts, but they have too much potential for overlap to necessitate answering both. If you do select this prompt, it should be because you have genuinely had to face a significant challenge. This is not the place for horror stories, but it is a space in which to explain something that doesn’t fit elsewhere in the application. Avoiding telling a horror story does not mean you can’t address tough subjects or events. Instead, it means that you need to address them in a way that is aimed at honest storytelling instead of shock-value. Answers to this prompt should never be trivial, so please skip over this prompt if you have to dig for an answer.  Think about an academic subject that inspires you. Describe how you have furthered this interest inside and/or outside of the classroom.If you read this prompt and your brain starts whirring, run with it. This is a wonderful place to showcase your passion and enthusiasm for a subject, and preferably one that you would like to pursue in college. Don’t simply focus on your intended major, though (ex. biology). Instead, you need to yet again zoom in on a specific piece of a broader area. Maybe you intend to study biology because you want to go into the study of deep-sea vents and the unique life forms that manage to thrive in extraordinary pressure and heat, and that are serving as guides on how to survive a warming planet. Maybe you are fascinated by fairy tales and the role that they have played throughout history. Whatever it is, any answer to this prompt needs to have palpable levels of passion.  What have you done to make your school or your community a better place?  This prompt may sound like an easy-A. It’s a chance to write about volunteering and giving back, yay! That makes you sound good, yay! Wrong. For the majority of stud ents, this prompt is better skipped over. Why? Because you should only answer this prompt if you have been engaged in a local initiative that is long-term. You could write about creating a network of monthly trash cleanups that bring high school students together with residents of a local retirement community, but you cannot write about attending, or even organizing, one trash cleanup. See the difference? We know it can be confusing because we typically ask students to look small, and here we are saying that whatever you write about needs to be more substantial â€" but we have our reasons.    Beyond what has already been shared in your application, what do you believe makes you stand out as a strong candidate for admissions to the University of California?This is not quite a ‘do-whatever-you-want’ prompt, but it’s close. The biggest difference is that you need to frame whatever you write within â€" surprise, surprise â€" the context of the prompt. If there is something you kn ow you want to be able to squeeze into your application that you haven’t been able to fit in, this prompt can be a great place to put it. However, you need to make sure that it doesn’t feel like whatever you write about is being smashed in here because it’s the only place you could find to fit it. If you don’t have anything that pops to mind, don’t stress! There are seven other prompts to pick four from, so simply skip it.  If you’re applying to schools that are off of the Common App and are feeling overwhelmed, drop us a line. We make the college application process more efficient and less stressful.

Dangers of Cyber Bullying - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 731 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Bullying Essay Cyber Bullying Essay Did you like this example? The Oxford Dictionary definition for cyberbullying is â€Å"The use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature†(â€Å"Cyberbullying†). The question that guides us is should cyber-bullying that occurs outside of school be punished by the school? Cyberbullying not only affects ones mind and emotions but their actions as well. A national survey conducted by the Cyber-Bullying Research Center found that 2.75 million children stayed home from Cyberbullying, 10.3% skipped school, and 60.8% have been affected so much from Cyberbullying that it impacted their ability to learn and feel safe (Bullying and School Avoidance.). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dangers of Cyber Bullying" essay for you Create order So, yes schools need to help students who are being cyberbullied in any way they can. Cyberbullying is a complex topic and has various dangers to it. Cyberbullying has increased significantly due to the innovation of new technology as one could imagine. These children are now able to hide behind their screens and attack on a person wherever and whenever. Children shouldn’t have to fear going to school and shouldn’t have to fear going online. The internet and social media should be a safe environment, but it has become a place for many people to fear. Schools to certain extent should have the ability and jurisdictions to do something. Cyberbullying is something that affects a students performance in school and therefore should be handled to an extent by the school. Schools should be a safe place where children can learn, rather than having a constant fear of being bullied from those online. Nikolao.D, a student who went to Illinois State University did a study seeing if Cyberbullying influenced people to have suicidal thoughts and if so by how much. He found that cyber-bullying had a strong impact on suicidal behavior. It increased suicidal thoughts by 14% and the suicidal attempts by 8%.(â€Å"Does Cyberbullying Impact Youth Suicidal Behaviors?†). Furthermore, schools should be able to intervene in some way. Public schooling authorities have certain restrictions on how involved they can be in the personal lives of their students, however, there can be action taken to help victims of this epidemic. For example, Schools can begin to provide Counseling and guidance for those that come to them with this specific issue. As well as opening up groups so that these children don’t have to feel like they are alone. Most of all victims of cyberbullying have absolutely no idea what kind of situation they’re getting themselves into. The â€Å"bullies† use means of threat and fear along with many other disgusting/ horrible tactics to draw their victim into their world of phycological torture. Awareness through school advertising could very much help many kids in the world, preventing unnecessary hardship and even death. Some may say that if it occurs outside of the school the school should have no part in it, and donâ⠂¬â„¢t need to help. Just looking at all the statistics and seeing how much this is affecting the children, schools should realize this is not a small problem. These children are the future, and if we don’t change anything then they will not progress in their academics. Since cyberbullying is affecting the students attendance and learning ability the schools should feel like it is their responsibility to do something. A parent to a teenager I would imagine is a hard task. Most children as they get older distance themselves and often go through a lot dealing with anxiety, depression and so on. If someone is getting cyber bullied they usually won’t tell anyone, and they would just keep it to themselves. Not wanting to cause some sort of scene or not wanting to let people in, like their parents into their lives. This then leads to loneliness and feeling as if you are alone and no one cares. By doing so, many commit harmful damages to their bodies and become a threat to themselves. Feeling as if they are useless. Cyber Bullying has only been a problem for less than two decades, due to the uprise in social media and the advancement of new technology. Social media allows innocent teens unknowingly allowing strangers to invade their life. It’s quite a complex situation and makes it very hard to prevent, but I truly believe that if schools decide to put the time and effort in to help and protect their students they will help so many Individuals.

Essay on Anorexia Nervosa - 1763 Words

Davis 1 Anorexia nervosa is defined as a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, in addition to a disturbance in perception of body shape and weight( DSM-IV-TR, 2000). In this paper we will examine Carolyn Costin’s battle with anorexia nervosa from a biopsychosocial perspective and what reinforced her disorder. This will be followed by diagnostically using the DSM-IV-TR in Carolyn’s case and conceptually using the sociocultural dimension. The implications for both Carolyn, her social and cultural context, as well as society at large will be addressed. The paper will then conclude with the successful treatments of anorexia nervosa and why we should care about the disorder. The biological dimension of†¦show more content†¦The psychological dimension of Carolyn’s anorexia nervosa has to do with her being a perfectionist and model student in school. An example of this is seen when Carolyn insists her mother drives her to school, so she could study longer in the car (Sattler et al., 1998). Davis 2 Carolyn’s need for control moved from her academics to dieting, which she associated with her improved self-esteem, self-control, and thinner body figure (Sue et al., 2010). When Carolyn entered college her obsession with controlling her weight, her shape, and food worsened. Her labeling of â€Å"allowable† food, her obsession with exercising, and distortions of seeing herself as fat, shows how her irrational thoughts tie into the psychological dimension of her eating disorder (Sue et al., 2010). As Carolyn continued to starve herself, her mood swings, depression, distorted view and perception of her body as being â€Å"fine† only increased her obsession with food. Carolyn’s experiences of denying herself the right to eat because she felt if she lost control she would end up fat and unattractive, shows the control anorexia nervosa has over the mind (Sattler et al., 1998). The social dimension of Carolyn’s disorder began with her and her friends always being on diets in high school and the positive comments Carolyn would receive from her mother and friends about her weight loss (Sattler et al., 1998). Perhaps Carolyn was uncomfortable with her body developing, soShow MoreRelatedAnorexia Nervosa1947 Words   |  8 Pagespeople who do. If we were to look the world as a whole, we would realize that from every 100 teenage girls, 1 to 5 suffers from Anorexia(EDV). As defined by the National Eating Disorders Association, â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.† (NEDA). The term â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† literally means â€Å"neurotic loss of appetite†, and could be more generally defined as the result of a prolonged self-starvationRead MoreUnderstanding Anorexia Nervosa1008 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, with more than 10% of those that suffer from it will die. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is categorized by severe food restriction, excessive exercise and body dysmorphia, which leads those that suffer from it to believe that they are overweight. Anorexia nervosa is commonly misunderstood by the general public. Research has disproved many of the previous thoughts about anorexia nervosa. According to the scientificRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia Nervosa I have chosen to study about Anorexia Nervosa because I would like to know more about this topic and why people do it to themselves. I wonder why young people in particular feel that they need to be so thin. In this assignment I would like to study mainly on why teenage girls feel so conscious about their bodies, what they feel about the way that women are portrayed in the media and the effects of Anorexia Nervosa. To be able to cover thisRead More Anorexia Nervosa Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pages Anorexia nervosa is a life threatening eating disorder defined by a refusal to maintain fifteen percent of a normal body weight through self-starvation (NAMI 1). Ninety-five percent of anorexics are women between the ages of twelve and eighteen, however, â€Å"†¦in the past twenty years, this disorder has become a growing threat to high school and college students†(Maloney and Kranz 60). Anorexia produces a multitude of symptoms, and if not treated, anorexia can lead to permanent physical damage or deathRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Essay2312 Words   |  10 PagesAnorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder that is most prevalent in adolescent girls and young women. It is distinguished by the loss of at least 15% of the expected body weight (Long). The disease is characterized by the obsessive fear of gaining weight; through this fear, the person engages in dangerous dieting habits that prevent weight gain. According to statistics in 2011 anorexia is categorized as the third most common chronic disease among adolescents, in addition, eating disorders also haveRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagesare either overweight or just not good enough. With implying that it might result in some type of eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa. This obsession of being thin has rapidly increased over the years and is still accelerating.(DSM) This type of disorder, mainly appearing in females has over five million cases and one million in males.(family dr) Most kids with anorexia are usually perfectionist, or the kids who do extremely well in school and focus on pleasing others. (guide) Most people denyingRead MoreThe Trauma Of Anorexia Nervosa953 Words   |  4 PagesThe trauma of anorexia Let’s start saying that in my family two of them had or still have anorexia: my cousin and my aunt. It has been a pain in the heart. For years, I was afraid of the magnitude of this mental disorder. Anyway, this disorder is something that intrigued me for a long time, so I am going to try to transmit the pain it can release this disorder to the family and mainly to the person who actually has it. The mental disorder, called: anorexia nervosa, is a disorder characterized byRead MoreBackground History of Anorexia Nervosa1452 Words   |  6 PagesHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA Anorexia nervosa’s (AN) first descriptions began during the twelfth and thirteenth century with the historical Saint Catherine of Siena (Deans, 2011). It is related to participating in religious functions and medieval practices of self-starvation (Deans, 2011). Furthermore, the death of popular singer, Karen Carpenter in 1983 created the societal awareness about the effect of anorexia nervosa and become widely known at the end of the twentieth century (RaderRead More Anorexia Nervosa Essay examples657 Words   |  3 Pages Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight. A disturbance in perception of body shape and weight is an essential feature of anorexia nervosa. It appears to be far more present in industrialized societies, in which there is an abundance amount of food and in which being considered attractive is linked to being thin. The disorder is most common in countries like the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia and Japa n. More than 95% of cases of anorexia nervosaRead MoreThe Eating Disorder And Anorexia Nervosa1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe eating disorder anorexia nervosa is one of complex nature that is caused and sustained by many interconnected factors of life. Characterized by strict dieting, an unrealistic perception of body image, excessive exercise, depression, and OCD, this disorder has the ability to boycott the lives of many individuals (Pinel, 2014). In order to understand the effects that this disorder has, it is essential to look at the socio-cultural, psychological, and physiological factors this disorder can entail

Twitter Protecting User Privacy Essay - 1114 Words

Social media has seen a significant number of stories that bring attention to failures in surveillance policies over the past decade. Time after time we hear about how surveillance technology is digging deeper and deeper into our personal information and is infringing on our rights more and more. It is important however to recognize successes in personal information protection and acknowledge achievements on behalf of the common population. As more and more attention is brought to surveillance the public is becoming better informed. As this trend progresses it is becoming more and more beneficial for social media companies to side with the individual and protect their user’s rights. Twitter is a social media company that has had†¦show more content†¦Unlike Facebook and Microsoft, Twitter refused to strike the same deal, arguing that the deal would be a regressive step in information transparency. (Neal) Twitter, unlike Facebook the social media site, and Microsoft, wh ich provides email and other services, a large amount of Twitter’s information is public and open to everyone. This means that Twitter receives less information requests than comparable social media sites. Twitter doesn’t believe that limiting its speech to general, broad numbers and terminology isn’t appropriate to their situation. (Ortutay) In spring of 2014 Twitter sent what was suppose to be their final draft of their transparency report press release. The government replied that the information Twitter wished to release in the report is classified and illegal to release to the public. (Nakashima) The government agency also neglected to specify in their rejection letter what information was classified and what wasn’t, so the company wasn’t able to produce a final transparency report at all. (Nakashima) Twitter responded by saying â€Å"Our ability to speak has been restricted by laws that prohibit and even criminalize a service provider like us from disclosing the exact number of national security letters and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act court orders received even if that number is zero.† (Ortutay) An importantShow MoreRelatedEssay about Social Media is a Source for Criiminals and Law Enforcement1748 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome a popular tool for both criminals and law enforcement. There are a lot of different perspectives about how social media is instrumental to crime and solving crimes. On one hand, law enforcement can use social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter to find evidence about specific crimes. On the other hand, digital villains can use social media to break the law. This could include crimes as small as illegally downloading music, anywhere upwards to broadcasting the selling of drugs. Social mediaRead MoreProminent Social Media Websites1508 Words   |  6 PagesThey allow users to share personal information with friends, family, and the general public (Electronic Fontier Foundation, n.d.). Because of this, users need to be more aware of privacy dangers that are lurking behind corners in the continuing advancement of technology. Popular sites like Twitter, Facebook, and Google+ have millions of users accessing their accounts on a daily basis. But how many of them actually know the fine print or take the time to understand and change their privacy settingsRead MoreHow Technology Has Become Increasingly Globalized And Is Now A Key Utility1491 Words   |  6 Pagesactivity and are incessantly storing and selling their information. A user may also willingly offer their information to these companies when they ask for it under the guise of personalizing the user’s experience. Often times the user’s information is sold to feature advertisements that are tailored to them, however, the tracking and mass online surveillance are endangering the user’s privacy online and offline. While online users should assume partial responsibility to better inform themselves andRead MoreInformation And Communication Technologies ( Ict )1680 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneral, ICT’s are very popular, getting only more popular and appear to be here to stay. This paper will take a brief look at two market-leading ICT’s, Facebook and Twitter, to see what types of information are generated by these ICT’s. The commercial and business uses of these ICT’s will be discussed as well as some matters concerning privacy in the areas of surveillance, information control and security. Emergence of Social Networking and Media Social networking is accomplished through social mediaRead More Internet Marketing Privacy Issues Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesphysical world, the general populations’ behavior on the Internet is strikingly different. Websites like Facebook, Twitter, and Google retain vast amounts of personal information of their users. Although this practice benefits the user as well, unrestricted profiling can be quite unnerving. Since regulation from the government may impede Internet use, and unless the threat to internet users privacy are shown to exceed the benefits, the government will not regulate the internet, rather we should educate theRead MoreThe Issue Of Security And Privacy In Social Network Users1023 Words   |  5 Pages The Issue of Security and Privacy in Social Network Users Purpose statement The purpose of the study is to examine the issues related to using of social network users and the applications that offered by the third-party websites and impact of the security and privacy. Rationale Technology has been improved, and according to Torres and Deirdre (2014), almost each person is registered on this social network platforms. The networking of these sites has grown rapidly in the recent years. Albesher andRead MoreA Shared Responsibility For Online Privacy1243 Words   |  5 PagesShared Responsibility for Online Privacy There are some things in life people can control and things they cannot. When driving, people can fasten their seat belt, keep their car’s limits, and focus on the area ahead to avoid car accidents. Whereas when flying, people cannot do many things to protect themselves, but rely on the government’s aviation regulations and airlines’ enforcement to increase flight safety. Likewise, when it comes to the online privacy, web users can control the passwords theyRead MoreWho Should Protect Our Data?1341 Words   |  5 PagesThe internet never forgets. This fact raises issue of privacy concerns on the internet. Internet privacy involves the right to retain personal privacy regarding shared data on the internet. Privacy encroachment is altering the data provided by the user for the benefit of anyone other than the user. From the beginning of large scale computer sharing, the issue of privacy concerns has been a concern. The information a person releases via the interne t is too large and extensive. There is very littleRead MoreControversy of Privacy and the Internet1117 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Privacy is dead – get over it†, according to Steve Rambam, a privacy investigator who specializes in Internet privacy cases, this is how he considers privacy to be in today’s society. He is just another entity living in the midst of a high technology society to whom privacy seems to be dead when reaching the Internet. With all the traffic on the Internet, the risk of private information falling into the wrong hands is excessive, and with all the advances in computer technology the rate of privacyRead More-In Furtado Et Al.’S (2010) Article On Collective Intelligence1690 Words   |  7 Pagesthey have collected, which are listed as the following: 1. Attribute initial reputation scores to the users (Propagation of Trust). A seed set of reputable users is selected and, from these users, the trust that the System has in them will be propagated to form a reputation of all in the system. 2. Once the initial reputation is calculated, the trustworthiness of the information posted by the users will be calculated, reflecting from the Social Layer to the Information Layer. This will give an idea

Global Issue free essay sample

Life has no boundaries, no limits or walls to obstruct it from thriving. Like a plant that springs up from ash humanity keeps on replenishing regardless of its lurid past and present occurrences. Its impossible not to find beauty in that, to find beauty in our courageous actions in the face of strife. Our ability to love, to feel compassion and all of our psyches complexities is amazing. The individual has so much to offer the world around him or her. Yet, the splendor of life doesnt seem receive much value these days. For most it appears as though there isnt much to live for anymore. There are so many people in this world, and breezing through life as an individual doesnt seem to be very important. In fact, most people I know consider themselves to be worker ants consumers contributing to the greater wholewhat ever that is. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Issue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That at seventeen years old, in a fast moving emo nation theres not much to truly look forward to. I agree with that, in a nation (even world) where the value of a life has been demoted to practically nothing; there really isnt much to look forward to. War is the biggest anti-understanding issue ever known to man. Its the ultimate source of intended death in the world. Whether one is fought for selfish or noble reasons the value of a human life is lessoned in order to make it tolerable. Men become numbers; they become devils, creatures not worth caring about. The violence and hatred nourished by war spreads like wildfire and lasts for generations. The mindset of my generation is horrifying. We are growing up in a world full of violence and terror. War is a dark force affecting the way we think and live. Racism and other prejudices are rampant. Stereotypes create blockage for cross-cultural understanding. People shrug and dismiss the mass amounts of murder and suicide happening all over the planet as if it didnt matter. Its insidiously imbedded in our minds that people are just numbers. 188 dead, a newspaper reads, social security numbers, school ID numbers, and passport numbers. It is all so overwhelming. And of course there is high school Ive found that the majority of my friends have had suicidal thoughts at least once and that one of them tried to commit suicide. With the exception of that one friend the others have found the emo subculture fascinating. Its sickening to find out that those you love are part of a self-hate group. It appears as though the concept of valuing your life is outdated and unpopular. A Global College education wont give me the ultimate megaphone so I can shout love self, love others, love life to the world but I believe it will help cultivate an even better understanding of people within me. Theres no way I could possibly prevent all of the things that cause life to cease to be valued but I believe that with the unique education global college offers I can develop creative and boundless plans to make positive changes for the future.

Risk Profiling free essay sample

In financial markets, risk profiling of an individual helps financial advisor in identifying a persons ability to deal with risk at various level while investing. It is a duty of financial planner to focus on risk profiling before they suggesting a product to their client. Risk profiling generally divide individuals to certain category such as conservative, moderate, aggressive Investors. Risk profiling process of every people is varied due to environmental factor such as peer pressure, market sentiment, changing moods of individuals, and rising age. Based on the assessment of clients tolerance to risk, Peter and Janet Lie can be categorized as a risk indifferent person as they have the courage to take investment with high-return yet high-risk probability. In addition Peter and Janet Lie prefer high growth investment with a middle ground of risk. Apparently, Peter and Janet Lies concept of high-return with middle ground risk are not in line, it is impossible for the them since high return investment requires high risk as well (consistent relationship). We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Profiling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whereas the tolerance is inversely related to the risk class; thus, the Geiger the risk, the lower the tolerance. According to Grahams theory, Peter and Janet lie can be classified as moderate investor. Based on Grahams Theory a moderate investor is bias towards income producing but expecting more growth in investments than conservative investor. They concern about capital growth and focus on maintaining to preserve their assets as well. This proven by the questionnaires answered by them, Peter and Janet Lie would cut their losses and transfer their funds into more secure investment sectors (such as bonds or debentures) if their portfolio value has decreased in value by 20% after six months after placing investment. Furthermore, Peter and Janet Lie have experienced high-risk investment in the past, therefore they know that high risk investment generally have a small accessible liquidity, as the result they now have a higher concern about their capital. The inconsistencies that I found in questionnaires is Peter and Janet Lie are actually a moderate investor who supposed to have spare assets to offset unpredictable or unexpected occasions in the future, but in facts they only provide a small proportion of fund that readily accessible for emergencies such as dental and car repairs. These emergencies can be a serious setback if the clients are not prepared. The amount of emergency fund relies on the current lifestyle and expenses. They supposed to have more or less 3 months of income set aside to meet emergencies without depending on credit cards. A cash management trust that gives high interest is a suitable place to keep emergency funds. Since both Peter and Janet Lie are moderate investor, their primary investments goal focuses on capital growth, therefore they can keep up with some fluctuations in their investments value to anticipate a higher return. They look tort balance to income and capital growth over medium-to-long term, they are organized to take short-term risk to gain a potential longer term capital growth, they also like to observe an investment conscientiously to prevent a loss in value in the future. It would be Peter and Janet Lie if they choose medium risk structure investment with long investment period, since they prefer long-term investment and the returns generated by this kind of investment is promising and with lower risk compared to long term investment as well. They are supposed to invest 40% in income producing sets, such as fixed interest and 60% in growth assets, such as shares and property. The suggested minimum investment timeshare is 3-areas.

Figurative Language Essay Example

Figurative Language Essay Example Figurative Language Essay Figurative Language Essay Essay Topic: The Count Of Monte Cristo Zoe Zettel Mr. Warren Period 8 12 September, 2012 Figurative Language Essay In this passage from The Count of Monte Cristo the author uses similes, metaphors, and descriptive details to establish the mood. The mood of this passage is that of a dark, disturbing scene of an execution. The author wants the reader to feel as though they are witnessing a terrifyingly grotesque death. The authors’ use of similes in this passage can be found throughout. Instead of describing Albert’s face as simply pale, he describes his face as: â€Å"as white as his shirt† (line 80). Thus, the reader is able to picture Albert’s face as pure white, thereby creating a mood of nausea and fear. The authors’ use of metaphors in the passage can be found throughout. The author describes the streets as crowded by saying that: â€Å"All the rest of the square was paved with heads† (Line 40). He means this to show how many people are actually at the execution. He gives the reader a sense of false security and a hint at what is to come. The author uses descriptive details in this passage to let the reader better visualize the scene. Dumas’ describes The Count by saying that: â€Å"His nostrils dilated like those of a wild beast that scents its prey, and his lips, half opened, disclosed his white teeth, small and sharp like those of a jackal. And yet his features wore an expression of smiling tenderness† (line 85-95). : He gives the reader a sense of animalistic terror and shows that the count is rather enjoying the execution and wishes for it to continue quickly. The author uses figurative language; similes, metaphors, descriptive details, to set up the mood of the overall scene. This overall passage is very dark and Dumas’ is able to show the reader that through his descriptions. Dumas’ is very good at painting a picture for the reader and it is very easy to visualize the scene.

Behavioral Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Behavioral Economics - Essay Example Hedonic treadmill is a variant of the term hedonic adaptation, which compares an individual's "pursuit of happiness to a person on a treadmill, who has to keep working just to stay in the same place" (Wikipedia). Social etiquette or stipulations or expectations can be a factor that molds the ability to adapt in individuals, and hence, in the community as a whole. The human beings obey or conform to certain unwritten axioms of the society which are considered to be the acceptable norms of the community. This leads to his or her voluntary suppression of certain needs or aspirations as a matter of course. This can also be caused by biases or prejudices that prevail in the society, for example, those that are based on genders, age groups, social status, hierarchies, income levels, etc. Religious principles, beliefs or way of life can also lead to an individual's conforming to certain expectations and thereby compromising on his wants, achievements and aspirations as well as his choices. If a human being can actually be happy with his misfortunes based on his religious beliefs, for example, of his or her miseries being God-given or his or her state being the will of God, etc., then his mental status would actually be happy. This means that even the unemployed, the beggar and the exploited can feel happy and satisfied with their lot. However, this may facilitate the study of human well-being and development unfavorably. In adjusting to a worse life situation, an individual's adaptation is downwardly directed. That is, he or she adjusts to being happy being in a circumstance worse than he or she used to be in. This kind of adaptation is harmful or damaging in that it influences the individual to avert from making rational or reasonable choices. This, naturally, affects development and its applications aversely. This is a conclusion more from an economic or a materialistic point of view, but when you take into consideration an extremely economically backward and thoroughly deprived community, "it is only prudent to wonder how much suffering and misery there would be in the absence of adaptation" (Clark 8). Another form of adaptation is that which is a result of inadequate know-how or awareness. When an individual is not equipped with adequate knowledge, his or her choices, naturally, will not be rational, reasonable or optimum for him or her. In such cases the utility concepts cannot be ideal for conducting development studies and practices. The parameters may change for situations where the individual is able to gather knowledge and where he or she is not. However, with modern-day advancements in the technology of communication, the disparity in the capability levels of acquiring information is going to be less and less. An individual who is in an extremely lowly situation, with most of the essentials of life not being fulfilled to any decent degree whatsoever, if he has adapted to his situation without complaints, as it usually happens in most of the low-economic groups, and he is resigned to be happy with the little pleasures that is available to him, he may not appear to be highly deprived in terms of utility. In such cases, the concepts of utility may not be the reliable or adequate bases for studying human well-being. From all of the factors

Chrysler&Fiat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chrysler&Fiat - Essay Example â€Å"The marriage was based on ego the egos of the two men at the top of the companies at the time who got rich on the deal not compatibility† (Krebs, 2013). Cultural differences made things even worse. This fact limited communication between Daimler and Chrysler. However, when two car companies merge they should have strong relationship and similar cultures. Both sides should understand each country’s traditions before they implement new concepts to their new styles of their cars. A year later, Chrysler decided to move on with Fiat Italian automakers. This time the company should build a solid rock foundation before they further unite. In my perspective if they don’t want to repeat the same costly failures, Chrysler should reflect about there past mistakes that negatively impact their business. They should engage in deep understanding and embrace equalities. Therefore, in order accomplish their goals the company should start to apply business strategies in effe ctive ways to promote a better level. It is important not to forget the cultural differences that created concerns. After the analysis above about the issues at Chrysler, I came out with effective business strategies that may resolve Chrysler’s problems. ... re to improve Chrysler & Fiat relationships through better communication, apply the Hofstede’s theory in business, and follow the current regulation. In my opinion before companies go public they need to have strong structures to support their plans. In business communication is one of the most important things. The initial steps that the CEO of Chrysler should take are to understand Fiat’s background. The firms need to promote open-minded for each other. Furthermore, these two companies should share their visions and missions so they will implement a new hierarchy system that is going to satisfy both companies’ needs. â€Å"This companies merges can harm communications within the companies, especially if the companies adopt distance working and mobile sales and service teams† (MacKechnie, 2013). Chrysler & Fiat need effort and time to fulfill this goal. Both sides should embrace flexibility and equalities because I believe that these will solve the mergin g issues that would cause conflicts at the initial stage. After they overcome the internal structure goals they could minimize bigger conflicts in the future. This first step is the simplest business strategy, but it is the most important aspect of business. It is better for them to consider this step rather than decide to quickly go out to find the profit as soon as possible. It is going to raise unexpected circumstances that would negatively impact the alliance between Chrysler & Fiat. Thus, in order to achieve short term and long term benefit this step is the one that needs serious consideration. I believe that they will have better understanding in the future when they need to overcome the company’s problems. In addition, by understanding both sides’ views, they will focus to pursue one objective that

Organotin (IV) Compounds: Chemistry, Properties and Uses

Organotin (IV) Compounds: Chemistry, Properties and Uses Introduction 1.1 Tin Element It is undeniably that many research and studies had been done in the field of organotin chemistry for the past half century. Sn which is symbol bared by tin which is called as stannum in Latin. It is placed on group 14 and period 5 in the periodic table with atomic number of 50. It has an electronic configuration of [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2. The table 1.1 below show properties of tin (Davies, et al., 2008).The chemical properties was shared similarity with germanium and lead. Moreover, tin form compounds which has +2 and +4 as its oxidation number with +4 has slightly higher stability. Hence, formation of tetrahedral tin atoms occur when four valence electrons involved in the sp3 hybridization. Table 1.1: Tin Properties (Davies, et al., 2008) Based on Tin Chemistry: Fundamentals, Frontiers and Application, it was stated that tin has the stable isotopes of ten and also with the highest number of any element in the periodic table of isotopes. Thus, tin exhibit vary characteristic of the mass spectra. From on the table 1.2 shown below, it appear that both isotopes of 117 and 119 with spin of  ½ are used in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Davies, et al., 2008). Table 1.2: Stable isotopes of Tin (Davies, et al., 2008. p. 3) It is found that metallic tin occur in two states which is ÃŽ ±-tin and ÃŽ ²-tin. The ÃŽ ²-tin exists as distorted cubic structure and function as electric conductor. Whereas, ÃŽ ±-tin is formed when ÃŽ ²-tin is converted slowly at temperature below 10 °C. Besides that, ÃŽ ±-tin exits as a diamond structure which have the properties as a semiconductor. The physical appearances of tin is white and possess inertness at ambient temperature. However, tin will only undergo oxidation to SnO2 at 200 °C since it is a malleable post transition metal (Davies, et al., 2008). 1.2 History of Tin Tin has been discovered around 3500 BC and it is known as an element that strengthen copper by forming copper-tin alloy which actually begin as early as Bronze Age civilization. The tin present in surface of Earth is only approximately 2 ppm which is far lesser compared to zinc, copper and lead. The production of tin mainly from mining and smelting (Davies, 2004). In 1849, gives the birth of the first organotin(IV) compound, diethyltin diiodide synthesized by Edward Frankland which ultimately set as a new era in the field of tin chemistry. Frankland basically studies the behavior of the reaction between ethyl iodide and zinc heated in a sealed tube. It was that time found out that the decomposition of iodide of ethyl is affected by tin at the range of temperature between 150 °C to 200 °C (Davies, 2004). Threfore, his research practically set as a seed for further studies and was further stimulated around 1949 when various application of tin was discovered. Truly structural changes of compounds between the solution and solid states plays a crucial role in the organotin(IV) chemistry and its applications. In early studies of the 60s and 70s, Mà ¶ssbauer spectrosocopy was used to determine the sturcture of the complexes. Nevertheless, it is now been dominantly used with X-ray crstallography and 119Sn NMR due to better technology and resolution (Davies, 2004). 1.3 Preparation of Organotin(IV) Carboxylates Organotin(IV) carboxylates’s formula is RnSn(O2CRËÅ  )4-n . The complexes can be produced by reacting organotin(IV) oxide or hyrdroxide with comparable carboxylic acid. (equation 1.1 to1.3) R3SnOH or (R3Sn)2O + RËÅ  COOHà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   R3SnOOCRËÅ   + H2O (1.1) R2SnO + 2RËÅ  COOR à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   R2Sn(OOCRËÅ  )2 + H2O (1.2) RSn(O)OH + 3RËÅ  COOH à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   RSN(OOCRËÅ  )3 (1.3) Esterification reaction is accomplished between organotin(IV) oxides or hydroxides and carboxylic acids by azeotrophic dehydration. The above equations’ reactions will depend on the mixing of different mole ratio of acid and base with appropriate solvent. The side products, water was removed by Dean-Stark apparatus and molecular sieve. Furthermore, organotin(IV) carboxylates can be prepared by reacting organotin(IV) chloride with metal carboxylates. (equation 1.4). Meanwhile, when a tin-carbon cleaved with carboxylic acid, it can also produce organotin(IV) carboxylates or cleaved with mercury(I) or mercury (II), or lead (IV) carboxylate as shown below (Davies, 2004). (equation 1.5-1.6) RnSnCI4-n + 4-nRËÅ  COOM à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   RnSn(OOCRËÅ  )4-n + 4-nMCI (1.4) R4Sn + RËÅ  COOHà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   R3SnOOCRËÅ   +RH (1.5) R4Sn + RËÅ  COOM à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   R3SnOOCRËÅ   +RM (1.6) 1.4Structures of Triorganotin(IV) Complexes Basically the general formula for triorganotin(IV) complexes would be R3SnX and it is widely studied. This is due to the higher biological activity of triorganotin(IV) complexes compared to diorganotin(IV) complexes. The R group highly influence the biocidal activities as it contains three Sn-C whereas their volatility and solubility is affected by the X group (Kizlink, 2001). The toxicity also decreases with a decrease of organic groups bind to the tin atom. However, reviews indicated that X group itself is active biologically and an increased of aqueous solubility will lead to increased of activity (Davies, et al., 2008). Meanwhile, chelation of triorganotin monomer or polymer with a five coordination leads to a decreased of activities (Davies, et al., 2008). 1:1 molar ratio of carboxylic acid and triorganoitn(IV) base are used to prepare triorganotin(IV) complexes (IMTIAZ-UD-DIN and BADSHAH, 2010; Win, 2012). There are two main types of structures possess by triorganotin(IV) complexes which is chain and discrete structures. Figure 1.1 shows frequent occuring stuctures of triorganotin(IV) complexes with different coordination geometries (Hadjikakou and Hadjiliadis, 2009). Figure 1.1: Frequent occurring structures in triorganotin(IV) complexes (A-C) (Hadjikakou and Hadjiliadis, 2009. p. 236) At figure 1.1, complexes A to C falls on the category of discrete structures. It is commonly found that Ar3SnO2CRËÅ   exhibit discrete structures such as triphenyltin carboxylates. Complexes A shows possible dicarboxylate ligand that can form a linear polymer by bridging triorganotin(IV) groups. Complexes B is a structure that closely resemble to trigonal bipyramid containing two equivalent CO bonds with facial alkyl groups whereas complexes C shows tetrahedral geometry with two non-equivalent CO bonds. The axial sites for complexes A to C are all occupied by O-Sn-O electronegative substituents (Davies, et al., 2008). 1.5Tin Application It is undeniably that tin compounds have contributed and played a crucial role in various fields such as its property as an anticancer agent, in vitro anti-bacterial, wood preservatives, pesticides etc (Davies, et al., 2008). The main focus of tin application would be its organotin complexes due to its biologically active compounds in potentially lowering cancerous cells. Therefore, tremendous focus have actually diverted to anti-cancer field though it’s still have a wide applications. Table 1.3Industrial uses of organotin(IV) compounds (Omae, 2002) 1.5.1Agriculture Triorganotin(IV) compounds are proven to be extremely useful in agricultural and industry as they act as fungicides, molluscides, acaricides ,biocides and pesticides based on the research and reviews conducted (Kizlink, 2001; Nath, et al., 2013). For examples, toxicity towards insects and mammals are contributed by trimethyltins whereas Gram-negative bacteria are affected by tri-n-propyltins. In addition, tri-n-butyltin and triphenyltin compounds are effective against fungi. Presence of triorganotins pose as a lethal to mosquitoes and their larvae. Moreover,tributytin chloride act as an strong repellent for rodents in crops. Besides that, snails control is affected by both triphenyltin acetate and triphenyltin chloride as molluscicides. This will help to prevent schistosome infections in human (Piver, 1973). According to Kizlink studies, the presence of n-butyl, phenyl and cyclohexyl groups will greatly increase the biocidal activity (Davies, et al., 2008). Tricyclohexyltin hydroxide and trineophenyltin oxide acts as a acaricides which are used on citrus and vegetable crops though they are not conditioned to resistance environment (Batt, 2006). Whereas triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide and triphenytltin(IV) acetate are used in high value crops when there is potential for the crops to be infected such as early blight, Alternaria solani (GUENTHNER, et al., 2000). Therefore, the common crops used for fungicides are potatoes, pecans etc. With all the advantageous as biocides, ,little did people know that when triorganotin(IV) compunds are capable of adsorbed into the soil. This will eventually lead to contamination of surface water due to runoff (Okoro, et al., 2011). 1.5.2 Anti-cancer Activity In 1965, platinum complexes which is known as cis-diamminedichloroplatinum or cisplatin that characterized anti-proliferative activity has been discovered by Rosenberg (Alama, et al., 2009). Since then, platinum (II) complexes has been used as anti-cancer agent (Lippard and Jamieson, 1999). Regardless of its success, conducted studies has shown that it possess side effects (Langer, et al., 2013). Therefore, a non-platinum metal complexes field has been been prompted to studied with continual investigation of new complexes as antitumor drugs. Besides that, there has been many reviews and studies on organotin carboxylates due to its antitumor potential. Generally, triorganotin(IV) complexes had been widely known to possess superior activity than diorganotin deriavatives (Baul, et al., 2005; Ali, et al., 2011; Yip, et al., 2012). This rules apply to some of the activties and had been recognized as R3SnL > R2SnL2 > RSnL3. Literature had indicated that triphenyltin(IV) complexes have remarkable activty in in vitro antitumor against human mamary tumour (MCF-7) and colon carcinoma (WIDR) (Baul, et al., 2009). It is also reported that the actvity of triphenyltin(IV) complexes are higher than other complexes with p-hydroxybenzoic acids. This is because of the high values of half inhibitory concentration (IC50) lipoxygenase inhibition compared to organitins(IV) and also reference cisplastin. Besides that, the inhibition of lipoxygenase and the activity of anti-proliferative against smooth muscle tumor, a leiomyosarcoma cells are higher for triorganitin(IV) compounds compared to diorganotin(IV) compounds (Nu, Li and Li, 2014). High lipophilic behaviour ,ability to penetrate cell membrane and promotion of binding to biological molecules due to its phenyls group of triorganotin(IV) carboxylates showed high cytotoxic activity further confirms its impressive cytotoxicity in vitro against human lung cell line and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Ma, et al., 2014). Furthermore, spontaneous disproportionation reactions in solution may undergone by triorganotin(IV) derivatives into di- and tetraorganotin(IV) derivatives. In the mean time, lost of alkyl or aryl group may happened in in vivo during interception of aromatase enzyme. Therefore, there is possibility to recognize diorganotin(IV) complexes might be the ultimatum of cytotoxic agent and pharmacokinetic considerations in relation to commonly observed triorganotin(IV) compounds’ high activity (Alama, et al., 2009). The organotin carboxylates can be further studied by exploring the ligand of the carboxylic acid, coordination number of the central tin atoms which play a crucial role in determine factor of the anti-tumor activity or cytotoxicity properties (Hadjikakou and Hadjiliadis, 2009; Ding, et al., 2012; Thorpe, et al., 2013). In conclusion, simultaneous in researching leads to potential in discovery in designing new anticancer drugs which will greatly help in our advancement in the medical field. 1.5.3 Antifouling Exploit of trioganotin(IV) compounds can be used as a biocidal agent in anti-fouling paints for ships. In fact, tri-n-butyltin oxide (TBTO) is the first organotin compound to be discover for its properties. The function of anti-fouling systems is to coat and paint ships that acts as protective layer in order to inhibit attachment of Chlamydomas sp. or acorn barnacles. Shipping industry will face a serious problem if marine fouling occur due to increased surface roughness and resistance in water. Therefore, a consumption of 40% of fuel is needed to maintain the normal speed (Omae, 2003). Furthermore, triorganotin(IV) compounds are resistance towards corrosion on aluminum hulls which is why it is favoured. Besides that the ability of tributyltin oxide to mix with pain solvents as a colorless liquid can be used in many biocidal applications. However, tributyltin oxide is highly soluble in seawater and thus giving a short term protection. Whereas, triphenyltin(IV) fluoride has become a common antifungal paint due to its long life protection from algae and shells (Omae, 2003). Even though both tributyltin oxide and triphenyltin(IV) fluoride made a good antifouling paint, studies had shown that they contribute contamination to the aquatic environment (Hartl, 2012). It was suggested that biocides release is caused by high pressure hosing activities in which the paint particles become attached with the sediments and also leaching (Konstantinou and Albanis, 2004) 1.5.4 Wood preservatives It is undeniable that wood is a precious gift from the mother nature and serves as as a wide applicant in the world. Specific wood species are needed for construction due its superior physical, mechanical and aesthetically pleasing performance (Jusoh, 2012). However, not all wood species are durable for outdoor activities. Therefore, organotin(IV) compounds are set as a wood preservatives such as tributyltin(IV) oxide and tributyltin(IV) naphthenate. Based on Kizlink research in year 2000, triorganotin(IV) compounds are found to inhibit the growth of mycelium from wood-destroying fungi Coniophora puteana, Serpula lacrymans and mould suspensions. It is reported that butyl group in n-alkyi chains contained by triorganotin(IV) compounds such as bis(tributyltin) oxide and tributyltin N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate is highly effective against fungi. On the other hand, inhibitory activity of fungicides of triphenyltin(IV) compounds appear to be lower than tributyltin(IV) compounds. This studies indicated and proven that smaller molecular volume of R3Sn have a better establisment to the site of inhibitory action compared to bigger molecular volume. Whereas in the studies of Jusoh, it was suggested that Alstonia schlaris, Macaranga triloba and Hevea brasiliensis were preserved succesfully by organotin(IV) compounds. This results would be further supported by the binding of tin compounds with the wood cell from the FTIR spectra which serves as a preservations of treatability of the specific wood species. 1.5.5 Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) stabilizers The degradation of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) or oxygenolysis occur at lower temperature of its processing temperature. Thus, conjugation of double bonds are established and the decomposition will release hydrogen chloride (HCI) which then be reduced by heat stabilizers through absorption (Arkis and Balkose, 2004; Wang, et al., 2014). The stabilizers are composed of mono or di-disubstituted organotin(IV) compounds which usually added to pipes, films and packing materials due to their thermal stability (Nu, Li and Li, 2014). Common PVC stabilizers can be differentiated with their alkyl group of organotins which is methyl, butyl and octyl (Okoro, et al., 2011). Since the toxicity of monoorganotin stabilizers towards mammals are extremely low, they are widely used with an added advantage of low raw material cost. On the other hand, the efficiency of octyltins are lesser due to its lower tin content (Batt, 2006). According to Songwon in 2013 by Tin Intermediates Selection Guide, the examples of organtin(IV) complex used as a heat stabilizers is butyltin(IV) mercaptide, dibutyltin(IV) dilaurate, monobutyltin tris(2-ethylhexanoate) and dioctyltin mercaptide. Tin mercaptides are found to be the most desired due to its high efficiency acting as a weak acid reacting with labile chloride sites on PVC. Besides that, solubility of the stabilizer and lubrication in polymer processing is enhanced by the high molecular weights and ester group in mercaptan ligands (Batt, 2006). 1.6 Other usage of Organotin(IV) compounds Besides organotin(IV) compounds acts as an antibacterial and antifungal agent, it also has mothproofing properties to treated fabrics such as bis(tributyltin) oxide. This is due the advantage of being lacking of color and staining. Staphylococcus aureus, a bacteria found in hospital also can be controlled by chemical bis(tributyltin) oxide (Piver, 1973). Diorganotin(IV) compounds are used as catalysts to in process of forming polyurethane and silicon elastomers (Okoro, et al., 2011). Dibutyltin(IV) compounds such as diibutytin(IV) dilaurate is responsible in controlling tapeworms for poultry such as Raillietina cesticillus. 1.7 Effects of Organotin(IV) compounds Humans are affected by organotins consumption of contaminated food, waters from pipelines of PVC or inhalation from agricultural activities and industry processes. The symptoms includes liver damage, loss of weight and neurological disorder. Birds are affected by their uptake of food in which their body structure, diet and metabolism of butyltin determines the accumulation in their tissues. Tri-n-butyltin oxide will greatly impact the immunological system and hormones activities of the birds. Whereas the entrance of organotins to fishes is through uptake of water from the gills and diet factor. The toxic effects would be on the red blood cells, gills and liver in the presence of tributyltin(IV) compounds(Namiesnik, et al., 2013). Another evidence was proved by studying chronic toxicity of organotin(IV) compounds by observing gastropods as subjects. It was found that gastropods exhibit imposex which can be defined as having male organs such as penis in a female species even with low concentration of tributyltins. This literally means that contamination of organotins greatly affects all biological living species (Omae. 2002) 1.8 Objectives The main objectives of this research is to synthesis (4-amino-3,5-dichlorobenzoato)triphenyltin(IV) from the reaction between 4-amino-3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid with triphenyltin(IV) oxide. The second objective of this research is to study the characterization of the synthesized complexes through determination of melting point, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as KBR dics, 119Sn, 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Spectroscopy (NMR) with the means of quantitatively and qualitatively. The third objective for this study is to determine the structure and coordination geometry of the tin moiety carboxylates. Molar ratio of the reactants, polarity of solvent, temperature of refluxing etc. will contribute to the effects of coordination number and binding mode of the ligand to the tin atom which will be investigated.

Summary of Monster by Sanyika Shakur Essay -- Sanyika Shakur Monster G

Summary of Monster by Sanyika Shakur Growing up in a world of gangs, death, and suffering Kody Scott, also known as Monster Kody, grew up in a life of struggle. From eleven years old Kody knew what he wanted a to be, a gangster. Nothing could stop him from becoming one of the most feared gang member of the late 1970?s and early 80?s except maybe his own conscience. Kody Scott goes through an evolution, from a child to Monster Kody to finally Sanyika Shakur, his Muslim name. Sanyika Shakur is a true survivor, considering everything that has taken place in his life he has managed to make something of himself from nothing. Kody Scott was born into the gang life weither he liked it or not. Born on 1963 in South Central Los Angeles Kody?s life would be affected by the growing number of gangs inevitably. Kody knew he had a choice to be made, be a gang member or be a pedestrian. He viewed pedestrians as spineless nerds who were always victims of someone?s ridicule or physical violence, who never responded to an affront of any type. He himself had a taste of pedestrian life in grade school were he was picked on and had his lunch money taken from him. ?Early on I saw and felt both sides of the game being played where I lived. It was during my time in elementary school that I chose to never be a victim again, if I could help it?(Shakur 100). Being in a gang gave Kody a feeling of security in a city of violence. ?I felt very different, older, more attached than any of...

Explore the ways in which writers present strong feelings to interest the reader or audience

Various techniques are used by writers to present strong feelings which evoke emotion from the reader or audience. Literary techniques are used in great lengths to both emphasise strong feelings in a literary piece and to also evoke strong feelings from an audience. The techniques embody language, structure and form. The experimentation of structure and poetic techniques used by writers create strong feelings within both the contemporary and present audience, ensuring audiences were and always will be interested in the literary piece.In the prologue of the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ the audience learn that two dignified households in the city of Verona hold an ‘’ancient grudge’’ towards each other, which remains a source of the violent conflict which is central to the play. It can be suggested that hatred has grown stronger over a long period of time. Similarly, the structure of the poem undermined traditional Elizabethan sonnets which were tradit ionally love poems. Shakespeare’s, however, changed this form to show hatred, violence, conflict and death to foreshadow the ending of ‘Romeo and Juliet’.An Elizabethan audience would have recognised this, creating a feeling of excitement and curiosity within them. Likewise in ‘sonnet 43’ Browning has also undermined the traditional form of a sonnet to create religious imagery to describe her lover. Browning’s sonnet discusses and compares her strong feelings for her lover and as her description develops she illustrates that she loves him with the emotions of an entire life from childhood right through to death. ‘’I love thee with the breath, smiles, tears, of all my life!– And, if God choose, I shall love thee better after death’’. She worships her lover with all her heart and respects him much more than she does her religion. He touches all aspects of her life and gives meaning to her whole existence. The au dience would be shocked as during the Victorian era religion was paramount in the lives of the people. However, it is not just love for one person that is described but the feeling of love itself. Similarly, as Romeo and Juliet become innocent victims of an atrocious ‘‘strife’’ between their families when they ‘’take their lives’’.Considerably, the poet evokes strong feelings towards the emotion of love when Browning is describing the intensity of religion and the link between death and love, as Shakespeare does when he links the idea of love and death in the prologue, allowing both the audience and the reader to openly question the content without profanity. In the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ segregated from society is a dominant feeling and a reoccurring theme. Romeo and Juliet go to extreme lengths to preserve their love together.They did this as according to Elizabethan society it was nor their ‘Fate’ nor ‘Destiny’ to ever be together. Therefore by choosing to be together consequences to them both mocking society. Juliet was Romeos second love which is ironic and therefore mocks society because Elizabethans believed in fate and destiny and that you could only ever love one person. If you loved again you weren’t really in love or you previous relationship wasn’t love but lust. Romeo’s feelings power his actions contradicting the Elizabethan norm which would undoubtedly evoke strong feelings such as disgust and shock from the audience.Alternatively in the poem ‘My last duchess’ the writer evokes strong feelings from the reader by focusing on the dominance and control of the Duke towards his wife. The audience in this case is this the ambassador acting on behalf of Ferdinand referred to in the poem as ‘The Count, your master’ but in reality it is the reader. This makes the reader feel rebellious as they are ‘eavesdroppin g’ on an interesting conversation. This completely contrasts to Romeos relationship with Juliet. They respect and accept each other as equals whereas the Duke doesn’t respect his wife or even acknowledge her.The duke refers to his wife, not by her name, by ‘she’. A contemporary reader would accept this as men were the dominant spouse. ‘’Half flushed that dies along the throat’’. This is ironic as it is said that the duke killed or had his wife killed, we could interpret that he beheaded or had her beheaded. This would surprise the reader as the duke earlier in the poem he compliments his wife, calling her a ‘wonder’. Although his words and actions are brutal the duke would have been accepted by society as men were believed to be higher than women.Romeo and Juliet’s love was not accepted by an Elizabethan society but they choose to ignore their friends and family, therefore appalling their audiences and mocking their entire beliefs. In the play Romeo and Juliet confusion, doubt and uncertainty are common emotions. During the balcony scene Juliet is speaking her mind unaware that Romeo had been listening. ‘’Be sworn my love, and I shall no longer be a Capulet’’. She would disown her family to be with Romeo, someone whom she had just met. This would have stunned an Elizabethan audience as she came from a rich, well respected family.There is more confusion when Juliet’s feelings change, ‘’ it is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden’’. Shakespeare uses the ‘rule of three’ to emphasise on the word ‘too’. He does this to show how strong Juliet’s doubt towards Romeo is. An Elizabethan audience would be confused as to how she could change her mind as they believed in love at first sight and this was going against that belief. Shakespeare mocks his entire society though his characters by showing them that fate and destiny is not written in the stars but is decided by you.Equally, in the poem ‘The Laboratory’ there is a lot of confusion between the character and the reader. The woman in the poem is searching for the perfect poison to commit a murder. She cannot seem to decide what poison she would like and is distracted by the â€Å"exquisite blue† colours of the poisons. ‘’Yonder soft phial†¦ sure to taste sweetly, – is that poison too? ’’. Her actions are very child-like and due to her frequent change of mind the reader will begin to doubt her motive and seriousness.The reader feels confused at her motives and could assume the poem is comic and not serious. By using a question mark, the poet emphasises the protagonists confused mind. This confusion is further highlighted by the â€Å"-â€Å"which separates the question from the rest of the stanza and draws it to the attention of the reader. Clearly, Shakespeare and Mr and Mrs Browning all convey strong emotion to the audience and readers whether it is through language, structure or form. This is one of the main reasons why their literature has lasted and is greatly treasured.

Background of Peter Drucker - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2309 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Background of Peter Drucker Peter Ferdinand Drucker is the real name for Peter Drucker and he was an Austrian-born American. He was known as a management consultant, educator and author that had contributed to the philosophy and practical foundations of the modern business organization. He was born on 19 November 1909 at Vienna, Austria. At that time, his mother was a medicine student while his father was a lawyer and high-civil servant. His mother is Caroline Bondi and his father is Adolf Drucker. After graduates from DÃÆ' ¶bling Gymnasium, Drucker moved to Hamburg, Germany and working as an apprentice at an established cotton trading firm. That was his first working experience. Then, he moved to Frankfurt and worked as a journalist at the Daily Frankfurter General-Anzeiger. With the organization, Drucker had written for the Der ÃÆ'–sterreichische Volkswirt (The Austrian Economist). In 1931, he got a doctorate in international law and public law from the University of Frankfurt. Two years after that, Drucker worked for an insurance company in London in 1933 before he worked as the chief economist at a private bank. Then, he got married with his wife on 1934, which is a year after that. After got married, both of them stayed at United States and Drucker was a university professor as well as a freelance writer and business consultant. Drucker got the authority to be the citizen of United States on 1934. At that time, he was a professor of politics and philosophy at Bennington College until 1949. From 1950 until 1971, Drucker had working as the Professor of Management for twenty-two years at New York University. Drucker was the developer of one of the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s that offered MBA programs for working professionals at Claremont Graduate University when he was at the California in 1971. From 1971, he was the Clarke Professor of Social Science and Management at Claremont until he dies. Claremon t Graduate Universityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Management School was known as the Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management before it was changed. Then, it was renamed again as Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management. In 1999, at Claremont Graduate University, Drucker has established the Drucker archives, and it became the Archives Drucker Institute after seven years, in 2006. Drucker taught his last class in 2002 at age 92 but he still active as a consultant to businesses and non-profit organizations. At the age of 95 years old, on 11 November 2005, he died in Claremont, California due to natural causes. Well-known strategy: Management by objectives(MBO) Management by objectives(MBO) is the theory by Peter Drucker. The term management by objectives was first popularized byPeter Druckerin his bookThe Practice of Management, 1954. Management by Objectives(MBO) also known asManagement by Results(MBR). According to Drucker, it is the procedure of settin g objectives and monitoring progress towards them should permeate the entire organization. In the other way, it is a process of defining objectiveswithin an organization so thatmanagement and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they need to do in the organization in order to achieve them. Behind the principle of Management by Objectives (MBO), employees must have a clear understanding of the roles and responsibilities expected of them. Then they can understand how their activities relate to the achievement of the organizations goal and the importance on fulfilling the personal goals of each employee. The features of Management by Objectives (MBO) are superior-subordinate participation, joint goal setting and support from superiors. Superior-subordinate participation means management and subordinates need to understand that in Management by Objectives (MBO), they must work together to come up with goals and objectives. They must jointly agree on exactly how the job duties should be handled in order to attain those goals. For the joint goal setting, the cooperation level is required in the Management by Objectives (MBO) process. All sides must realize that the goals that are being set should be tangible, verifiable and measurable. In order it to be a successful venture, management and subordinates need to agree on objectives that are realistic and attainable. That is relating with the previous duties from both superior-subordinate participation that have to come out with the goals that are achievable by the organization. The third features is, superiors should have to make he available to the employee in term of giving them full of support. Superiors should offer advice and guidance to every individual that is working towards the organizational goals that have been set. This is exactly how Management by Objectives (MBO) works in maintaining a high level of communication and cooperation between management and employees. Managem ent by Objectives (MBO) consists of five steps which are goal setting, manager-subordinate involvement, matching goals and resources, implementation of plan and review and appraisal of performance. The first step is goal setting. The organizational objectives have to be crystal clear before any other steps can be considered. These are usually decided upon by top executives after consulting with the entire management team and the final decisions are them passed on to the rest of the organization, with the main focus on Key Result Areas (KRA). Key Result Areas are the targets or goals set by an entity in their strategic plan. It is used in many areas of business including customer service and human resources for examples are the duties and responsibilities of a person are to carry out in their job and their performance on each one. Second step is manager-subordinate involvement. Once the bigger organizational details have been decided, management and subordinates get to work on setting individual goals, with everyone within the organization involved. This joint consultation is important because people become highly motivated in achieving objectives that were set by them to start with. The goals of subordinates are specific and short range in order easier for subordinateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s unit to achieve within the specific period of time that already had been decided. Matching goals and resources is the next step. It is means nothing if not matching goals and resources. At this point, management must look at providing their people with all the tools and materials they need to meet those goals. If the goals are precisely set, then the resources requirement can also be precisely measured thus making the resources allocation easier. The allocation of resources should be done in consultation with the subordinates. Once all the objectives have been decided and resources put in place, the employees can start their work and responsibility according to the plan. They can call on management at any time if they need further assistance. As long as it is within the frame work of organizational policies, there should be minimum interference by management. This is the fourth step, which is the implementation of plan. The last step is review and appraisal of performance. It is important that managers and subordinates meet regularly to evaluate performance and progress. The same fair and measurable standards should be used during this process as they were in the planning stage. By review and appraisal of employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance, it can improve the morale of subordinates since the manager shows an active interest in the subordinateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work and progress. It will attract and motivate employee to do their work better and getting better after that. There have some of the advantages of Management by Objectives (MBO). Firstly is motivation which means involving employees in the whole process of goal setting and increasing employee empowerment. Motivation in the workplace is obviously very important. Creating a motivating environment at the workplace produces happy employees, low staff turnover and absenteeism, enhanced productivity, satisfied customers and better financial performance. At the same time, this will increases employee job satisfaction and commitment towards their works. Another advantage is better communication and coordination. Frequent reviews and interactions between superiors and subordinates help to maintain harmonious relationships within the organization and also to solve many problems. Through this, it will avoid any miscommunication and any information will be sent clearly, thus will produce effective and productive staffs. The barriers or gap between the top management and lower management team will be reducing and there is an existing tight bond of relationships within the organization. For Management by Objectives (MBO) to be effective, individual managers m ust understand the specific objectives of their job and how those objectives fit with the overall company objectives set by the board of directors and it is linked to the organizations objectives. The managers of the various units or sub-units, or sections of an organization should know not only the objectives of their unit but should also actively participate in setting these objectives and make responsibility for them. The limitation means something that bounds, restrains, or confines. There are several limitations to the assumptive base underlying the impact of Management by Objectives (MBO) which are time consuming, develop conflicting objectives and lack of appreciation. Time consuming problem might occur in this theory. Management of Objectives (MBO) is incredibly effective, but it takes time to show the progress. The process of setting objectives is not something that tends to happen quickly and easy. It needs regular meeting in order to assess just how well the system is working and the progress from time to time. Another limitation in Management by Objectives (MBO) is develops conflicting objectives. The goals and objectives of each individual within the organization may not be the same with the other employees, which are particularly happening when there are multiple departments. Each department will have their own ideas of success, which they may feel is different from the rest, all of which creates conflict and at the end it will give bad impact and the objectives cannot be achieved by the organization successfully. Besides, Management of Objectives (MBO) will have the lack of appreciation as the limitation. The purpose of Management of Objectives (MBO) is to involve everyone in the goal setting of the organization, but it can still fail if the goals are not properly managed. It can also be a limitation if management do not delegate properly or motivate accordingly. There have some criticism for Management by Objectives (MBO) for exa mple W. Edwards Deming said, Management by Objectives (MBO) is a barrier to quality improvement. He make this when United States having industrial problem due to Japanese dramatic creation of quality product at low cost after World War II, through à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Eliminate Management by Objectivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . There is no clear understanding of Management by Objectives (MBO) in relation to strategic management (Dale Krueger, 2004). Management by Objectives (MBO) does not provide full and complete strategic management and it can only be accomplished on a group basis but not the staffing and external environment. Here are some strategies to make Management by Objectives (MBO) an effective which are by support from all, training of managers and allocation of adequate time and resources. Support from all means executives may only implement a Management by Objectives (MBO) into the organization, but it will only work if every member of management is on board with the plan and wo rk together in order to achieve the goals. It is not only management that has to buy in, though, with every single employee need to understand what is needed to make it work and then co-operating every step of the way. They really have to feel that Management by Objectives (MBO) is a program that benefits to all. Training of managers is the next strategies should be implementing to make Management by Objectives (MBO) effectives. Since Management by Objectives (MBO) differs from any other management style, existing bosses must be brought up to date with the philosophy of Management by Objectives (MBO). They need to understand how the principles of Management by Objectives (MBO) can be implementing into the current company philosophy. This training is a crucial part of the process, especially since it is the manager and employees that are going to be responsible for setting the majority of goals and objectives. Another strategy should be implement is allocation of adequate time and resources, even the best planned Management by Objectives (MBO) program requires a minimum three to five years before it will give the positive results. Managers and employees should not employ Management by Objectives (MBO) thinking that it will be a quick fix solution and it will be settle in a short time. CONCLUSION Peter Druckerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s idea and concept of Management by Objectives (MBO) is still stay in this 21st century. Nowadays, the economy is rapidly growth in technology development. Employees are more preferred for freedom and active participation in management. Implementation of Management by Objectives (MBO) will help the employees to have the sense of full satisfaction and motivation as it enable them in the decision making and management process actively. Management by Objectives (MBO) is suitable practicing within the management in knowledge-based organizations such as software development companies that need all their workers or employees getting involve in the management and always come out with the new ideas that are never being introduced before. The employees are given sufficient responsibility and authority to achieve their individual objectives. Accomplishment of individual objectives eventually contributes to achieving organizational goals. References Peter Drucker. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved Mac 23, 2014, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Drucker Management by Objective. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved Mac 23, 2014, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_by_objectives The Drucker Institute. (2014). Peter Druckerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Life and Legacy. Retrieved Mac 22, 2014, from https://www.druckerinstitute.com/ Management by Objectives. (2012). Advantages of Goals and Objectives Management. Retrived Mac 22, 2014, from https://managementbyobjectives.com/advantages-of-goals-and-objectives-management/ Management by Objectives. (2012). Limitations of Management by Objectives. Retrieved Mac 22, 2014, from https://managementbyobjectives.com/limitations-of-management-by-objectives/ Management by Objectives. (2012). How To Make Management by Objectives Effective? Retrieved Mac 22, 2014, from https://managementbyobjectives.com/how-to-make-management-by-objectives-effective/ Bob Krone, PhD. (2005). Management by Objectives. A Controversial Classic. Retrieved Mac 23, 2014, from https://artwork.net/ks/asq711/quality5a.htm Dale Krueger, Ph.D. Strategic management and management by objectives, 2004, pp 1-8. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Background of Peter Drucker" essay for you Create order